< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trappōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From pre-Germanic *drob-néh₂-ti[1], from Proto-Indo-European *dreb⁽ʰ⁾- (“to tread, to step”). Compare Lithuanian drebė́ti (“to tremble”) and Polish drabina (“ladder”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtrɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*trappōną[1][2]
- (West Germanic) to trample
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *trapp- against *trap-.
Conjugation of *trappōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *trappō | *trappǭ | — | *trappōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *trappōsi | *trappōs | *trappō | *trappōsai | *trappōsau |
| 3rd singular | *trappōþi | *trappō | *trappōþau | *trappōþai | *trappōþau |
| 1st dual | *trappōs | *trappōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *trappōþiz | *trappōþiz | *trappōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *trappōmaz | *trappōm | — | *trappōnþai | *trappōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *trappōþ | *trappōþ | *trappōþ | *trappōnþai | *trappōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *trappōnþi | *trappōn | *trappōnþau | *trappōnþai | *trappōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *trappōdǭ | *trappōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *trappōdēz | *trappōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *trappōdē | *trappōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *trappōdēdū | *trappōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *trappōdēdudiz | *trappōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *trappōdēdum | *trappōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *trappōdēdud | *trappōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *trappōdēdun | *trappōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *trappōndz | *trappōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *trampaną
- *trimpaną
- *trumpōną
- *trappǭ
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *trappōn
- Old Saxon: *trappōn
- Middle Low German: trappen
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: trappa, trappe
- Middle Low German: trappen
- Old Dutch: *trappon, *trapon
- Middle Dutch: trappen, *trapen
- Dutch: trappen
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: betrapen
- Dutch: betrapen (dialectal, Flemish)
- Middle Dutch: trappen, *trapen
- Old Saxon: *trappōn
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*trappōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 520-521
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*trappōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 409