< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tiunijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *teuną (“ruin, lack, damage”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtiu̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*tiunijaną
- to torture, torment, vex
- to claim, use, appropriate
Inflection
Conjugation of *tiunijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *tiunijō | *tiunijaų | — | *tiunijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *tiunīsi | *tiunijais | *tiunī | *tiunijasai | *tiunijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *tiunīþi | *tiunijai | *tiunijaþau | *tiunijaþai | *tiunijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *tiunijōs | *tiunijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *tiunijaþiz | *tiunijaiþiz | *tiunijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *tiunijamaz | *tiunijaim | — | *tiunijanþai | *tiunijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *tiunīþ | *tiunijaiþ | *tiunīþ | *tiunijanþai | *tiunijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *tiunijanþi | *tiunijain | *tiunijanþau | *tiunijanþai | *tiunijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *tiunidǭ | *tiunidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *tiunidēz | *tiunidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *tiunidē | *tiunidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *tiunidēdū | *tiunidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *tiunidēdudiz | *tiunidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *tiunidēdum | *tiunidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *tiunidēdud | *tiunidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *tiunidēdun | *tiunidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *tiunijandz | *tiunidaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: tīenan, tȳnan
- Middle English: tenen, tinen (merged with Old English tēonian and Old Norse týna)
- English: teen, tine
- Scots: tyne
- Middle English: tenen, tinen (merged with Old English tēonian and Old Norse týna)
- Old Frisian: tiōna, tiūna
- West Frisian: tsjoene (“to hex, enchant, bewitch; to cast a spell”)
- Old Saxon: *tiunian
- ⇒ Old Saxon: gitiunian
- Old Norse: týna
- Icelandic: týna
- Faroese: týna