< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tawjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Factitive derived from an adjective *tawaz, from Pre-Germanic *dowh₂os, from Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-. Possibly attested as *gatawaz, borrowed into Proto-Slavic *gotovъ, though this is disputed.[1]
Cognate with Tocharian B tsuwa and Ancient Greek δύναμαι (dúnamai).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*tawjaną
- to make, complete
Inflection
Conjugation of *tawjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *tawjō | *tawjaų | — | *tawjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *tawisi | *tawjais | *tawi | *tawjasai | *tawjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *tawiþi | *tawjai | *tawjaþau | *tawjaþai | *tawjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *tawjōs | *tawjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *tawjaþiz | *tawjaiþiz | *tawjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *tawjamaz | *tawjaim | — | *tawjanþai | *tawjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *tawiþ | *tawjaiþ | *tawiþ | *tawjanþai | *tawjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *tawjanþi | *tawjain | *tawjanþau | *tawjanþai | *tawjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *tawidǭ | *tawidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *tawidēz | *tawidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *tawidē | *tawidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *tawidēdū | *tawidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *tawidēdudiz | *tawidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *tawidēdum | *tawidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *tawidēdud | *tawidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *tawidēdun | *tawidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *tawjandz | *tawidaz | |||
Related terms
- *tōlą
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *tauwjan, *tawōn
- Old English: tawian (class 2 weak) (< *tawōn); tēaġan, tēan
- Middle English: tawen, tauwen, tewen
- English: taw, tew
- Scots: taw
- Middle English: tawen, tauwen, tewen
- Old Saxon: *tōian
- Middle Low German: touwen
- Old Dutch: *touwen, *tōien
- Middle Dutch: touwen, tôyen, tooyen
- Dutch: touwen, tooien
- Afrikaans: tooi
- Dutch: touwen, tooien
- Middle Dutch: touwen, tôyen, tooyen
- Old High German: zouwen
- Middle High German: zouwen (in bezouwen, enzouwen, erzouwen, etc.), zöuwen
- Old English: tawian (class 2 weak) (< *tawōn); tēaġan, tēan
- Proto-Norse: ᛏᚨᚹᛁᛞᛟ (tawidō, 1st singular past indicative), ᛏᚨᚹᛁᛞᛖ (tawidē, 3rd singular past indicative)
- Old Norse: tǿja, týja
- Icelandic: tæja
- Old Norse: tǿja, týja
- Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan)
- → Galician: ataviar
- → Portuguese: ataviar
- → Spanish: ataviar
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “taujan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 511