< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/targijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *terganą
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *derHgʰ- (“to pull, tug, irritate”). Cognate with Russian дёргать (djórgatʹ, “to pull, yank, jerk, pluck up”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɑr.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*targijaną
- to pull; yank; tug; tease
- to irritate
Inflection
Conjugation of *targijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *targijō | *targijaų | — | *targijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *targīsi | *targijais | *targī | *targijasai | *targijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *targīþi | *targijai | *targijaþau | *targijaþai | *targijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *targijōs | *targijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *targijaþiz | *targijaiþiz | *targijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *targijamaz | *targijaim | — | *targijanþai | *targijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *targīþ | *targijaiþ | *targīþ | *targijanþai | *targijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *targijanþi | *targijain | *targijanþau | *targijanþai | *targijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *targidǭ | *targidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *targidēz | *targidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *targidē | *targidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *targidēdū | *targidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *targidēdudiz | *targidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *targidēdum | *targidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *targidēdud | *targidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *targidēdun | *targidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *targijandz | *targidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *targijan
- Old English: tergan, tiergan, tyrgan, tirgan, tirian; tierwan
- Middle English: terien, tarien, taryen; terȝen
- Scots: tarrow
- English: tarry
- Middle English: terien, tarien, taryen; terȝen
- Old Frisian: *tergia, *targia
- Saterland Frisian: taagje (possibly from Low German)
- West Frisian: tergje
- Old Saxon: *targian, *tergian
- Middle Low German: tergen, targen
- German Low German: targen
- → Danish: tærge
- → Norwegian: terge
- → Swedish: targa
- Middle Low German: tergen, targen
- Old Dutch: *tergen
- Middle Dutch: tergen, terghen
- Dutch: tergen
- Middle Dutch: tergen, terghen
- Old High German: zergen
- Middle High German: *zergen
- German: zergen
- Middle High German: *zergen
- Lombardic: *zergen
- → Vulgar Latin: *zergō
- Italian: zerigare (Tuscan)
- ⇒ Venetian: inzeregà
- ⇒ Italian: zerga (“anger”)
- ⇒ Italian: inzergassi
- → Vulgar Latin: *zergō
- Old English: tergan, tiergan, tyrgan, tirgan, tirian; tierwan