< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tarbijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dorbʰéyeti, a causative formation of Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“to plait, braid, twist, spin, weave, wind”). A direct cognate with दर्भयति (darbháyati).
Verb
*tarbijaną[1]
- to wind; spin
- to fling; throw
Inflection
Conjugation of *tarbijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *tarbijō | *tarbijaų | — | *tarbijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *tarbīsi | *tarbijais | *tarbī | *tarbijasai | *tarbijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *tarbīþi | *tarbijai | *tarbijaþau | *tarbijaþai | *tarbijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *tarbijōs | *tarbijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *tarbijaþiz | *tarbijaiþiz | *tarbijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *tarbijamaz | *tarbijaim | — | *tarbijanþai | *tarbijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *tarbīþ | *tarbijaiþ | *tarbīþ | *tarbijanþai | *tarbijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *tarbijanþi | *tarbijain | *tarbijanþau | *tarbijanþai | *tarbijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *tarbidǭ | *tarbidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *tarbidēz | *tarbidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *tarbidē | *tarbidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *tarbidēdū | *tarbidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *tarbidēdudiz | *tarbidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *tarbidēdum | *tarbidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *tarbidēdud | *tarbidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *tarbidēdun | *tarbidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *tarbijandz | *tarbidaz | |||
Related terms
- *tarbalōną
- *terbaną
- *tirbijaną
- *turbaz
- *turbōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *tarbijan
- Old English: *tierfan, *tyrfan, *tyrfian
- Middle English: tirven, tyrven, terven
- English: terve
- ⇒ English: tervy
- ⇒ English: topsy-turvy
- ⇒ English: tervy
- Scots: tirvie
- ⇒ Middle English: overterven, overtarven
- Scots: overtirve, ourtirve
- ⇒ Middle English: tyrf, tyrfe
- English: tirfe
- English: terve
- ⇒ Old English: ġetyrfan, ġetyrfian
- Middle English: tirven, tyrven, terven
- Old High German: zerben
- Middle High German: zirben
- Old English: *tierfan, *tyrfan, *tyrfian
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*tarbjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 510