Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tanþs

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tɑnθs/

Noun

*tanþs m

tooth

Inflection

Both the original stem ablaut and Verner alternation are preserved.

According to Griepentrog and Schaffner, the nominative singular was *tanz (Proto-Indo-European *h₃don(t)s), directly reflected in Old High German zan (German Zahn).

consonant stemDeclension of *tanþs (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tanþs	*tanþiz
vocative	*tanþ	*tanþiz
accusative	*tanþų	*tanþunz
genitive	*tundiz	*tundǫ̂
dative	*tundi	*tundumaz
instrumental	*tundē	*tundumiz

Derived terms

*tanþijaną
*tanþlausaz

Related terms

*tunþskaz
*tunþuz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *tanþ
- Old English: tōþ
  - Middle English: tothe, toth, tooth
    - Scots: tuth, tutht, tuith
    - English: tooth
- Old Frisian: tōth
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: tus
    Sylt: Ter
- Old Saxon: tand
  - Middle Low German: tant, tan
    - Low German: Tähn
      German Low German: Tand, Tann, Tähn
    - Plautdietsch: Tän
    - → Saterland Frisian: Tiende
- Old Dutch: tant
  - Middle Dutch: tant
    - Dutch: tand
- Old High German: zand, zan, zant, tænd
  - Middle High German: zan, zant
    - Alemannic German: Zah
    - Bavarian: Zant
    - Central Franconian: Zank, Zand
      Kölsch: Zant
    - German: Zahn
      - → Central Franconian: Zahn
    - Hunsrik: Zaan
    - Luxembourgish: Zant
    - Pennsylvania German: Zaah
    - Swabian: Zah, Zai
    - Vilamovian: cōn
    - Yiddish: צאָן‎ (tson)
  - → Italian: zanna (via Lombardic)
Old Norse: tǫnn
- Icelandic: tönn
- Faroese: tonn
- Norn: tann, tannj
- Norwegian: tann, tonn
- Old Swedish: tan
  - Swedish: tand
- Danish: tand
- Gutnish: tann, tand