Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tainaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; expected to reflect pre-Germanic *doynos. Kroonen connects *tiną (“tin”).[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtɑi̯.nɑz/

Noun

*tainaz m

rod
Synonyms: *furkaz, *galgô, *mastaz, *rōdō, *skaftaz, *spaluz, *spīrǭ, *stauraz
twig
Synonyms: *telguz, *tōgô, *twīgą
straw
Synonyms: *halmaz, *strawą
lot
Synonyms: *hlautiz, *hlutą

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *tainaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tainaz	tainōz, tainōs
vocative	*tain	tainōz, tainōs
accusative	*tainą	*tainanz
genitive	tainas, tainis	*tainǫ̂
dative	*tainai	*tainamaz
instrumental	*tainō	*tainamiz

Derived terms

*tainijǭ

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *tain
- Old English: tān
  - Middle English: *tan
    - English: tan (“twig, small switch”)
  - ⇒ Old English: misteltān
    - Middle English: mistelta, mistilte, mistelto, mystiltyne, mystilltyn, mystyldene
      - Scots: misseldeu, messeldeu
      - English: mistletoe
- Old Frisian: *tēn
  - ⇒ Saterland Frisian: Täinelse (“garden fence woven from willow rods”)
  - West Frisian: tien
- Old Saxon: tēn
  - Middle Low German: tên
- Old Dutch: *tēn
  - Middle Dutch: têne
    - Dutch: teen
    - Limburgish: tieën
- Old High German: zein
  - Middle High German: zein
    - German: Zein, Zain
Old Norse: teinn
- Icelandic: teinn
- Faroese: teinur
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: ten
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: tein
- Old Swedish: tēn
  - Swedish: ten
- Danish: ten
- Westrobothnian: tein
Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (tains)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN