< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūganą
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *sug-, *suk- (“to suck”), from Proto-Indo-European *su-, *sew- (“juice, sap”). Cognate with Latin sūgō (“suck”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsuː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*sūganą[1][2]
- to suck
- to suckle
Inflection
Conjugation of *sūganą (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sūgō | *sūgaų | — | *sūgai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *sūgizi | *sūgaiz | *sūg | *sūgazai | *sūgaizau |
| 3rd singular | *sūgidi | *sūgai | *sūgadau | *sūgadai | *sūgaidau |
| 1st dual | *sūgōz | *sūgaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sūgadiz | *sūgaidiz | *sūgadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sūgamaz | *sūgaim | — | *sūgandai | *sūgaindau |
| 2nd plural | *sūgid | *sūgaid | *sūgid | *sūgandai | *sūgaindau |
| 3rd plural | *sūgandi | *sūgain | *sūgandau | *sūgandai | *sūgaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *saug | *sugį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *sauht | *sugīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *saug | *sugī | |||
| 1st dual | *sugū | *sugīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *sugudiz | *sugīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *sugum | *sugīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *sugud | *sugīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *sugun | *sugīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sūgandz | *suganaz | |||
Derived terms
- *saugijaną
Related terms
- *sūkaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sūgan
- Old English: sūgan
- Middle English: sugen (partially)
- Old Frisian: *sūga
- Saterland Frisian: suge
- West Frisian: sûge
- Old Saxon: sūgan
- Middle Low German: sugen, sȫgen
- Low German: sugen
- Middle Low German: sugen, sȫgen
- Old Dutch: sūgan
- Middle Dutch: sugen
- Dutch: zuigen
- Afrikaans: suig
- Negerhollands: sug
- → Sranan Tongo: soygi
- Limburgish: zuge
- Dutch: zuigen
- Middle Dutch: sugen
- Old High German: sūgan
- Middle High German: sūgen
- Alemannic German: suuge
- German: saugen
- Luxembourgish: saugen
- Yiddish: זויגן (zoygn)
- Middle High German: sūgen
- Old English: sūgan
- Old Norse: súga, sjúga
- Icelandic: súga, sjúga
- Faroese: súgva
- Norwegian: suge, suga
- Old Swedish: sūgha
- Swedish: suga
- Old Danish: sūghæ
- Danish: suge
- Westrobothnian: sūg, su
- Elfdalian: sauga
- Gutnish: säuge
- Scanian: súğa
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sūgan- ~ *sūkan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489-490
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*sūʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 388