Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sōkniz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *sōkijaną (“to seek, look for; to dispute”) +‎ *-niz.[1][2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɔːk.niz/

Noun

*sōkniz f[1][3][2]

investigation; probe; examination; inquiry
dispute; quarrel; contest; struggle; fight

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *sōkniz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*sōkniz	*sōknīz
vocative	*sōkni	*sōknīz
accusative	*sōknį	*sōkninz
genitive	*sōknīz	*sōknijǫ̂
dative	*sōknī	*sōknimaz
instrumental	*sōknī	*sōknimiz

Related terms

*sakaną
*sōkijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sōkni
- Old English: sōcn, sōcen
  - Middle English: soken
    - English: soken
  - → Medieval Latin: sōca
    - Old French: soc
      - ⇒ Old French: socage, soccage, sokage
        → Middle English: sokage
        English: socage, soccage
    - → Middle English: soke
- >? Old Saxon: *sōki (dissimilated from Old Saxon *sōkni ?)
  - Middle Low German: souke, sö̂ke
    - German Low German: Söke, Söök
- Old High German: sōhnī, suohnī, suohhinī, suochinī
  - ⇒ Old High German: ursōhnī, ursuohnī, ursuohhinī
    - ⇒ Old High German: ursuohhinōn, ursuochinōn, ursuohhanōn, ursuochanōn
- >? Old High German: suohhī, suochī (dissimilated from Old High German suohhnī ?)
  - Middle High German: suoche (merged with descendant of Old High German suohha)
    - German: Suche
Old Norse: sókn
- Icelandic: sókn
- Faroese: sókn
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: sokn, sogn
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: sokn
- Old Swedish: sōkn
  - Swedish: socken
- Old Danish: sōkn
  - Danish: sogn
- Westrobothnian: sonkän
- Elfdalian: sokken
- Jamtish: sókn
- Gutnish: sokken
- Scanian: sóğn
Gothic: 𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌽𐍃 (sōkns)

References

Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*sōkniz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
Hellquist, Elof (1922), “socken”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 820: “germ. *sōkīni- o. *sōkni- [..] till germ. *sōkian”
Torp, Alf (1919), “socken”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 820: “Germ. *sôk-ni-, sokî-ni-”

[HGE-1] Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*sōkniz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360

[SEO-2] Hellquist, Elof (1922), “socken”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 820: “germ. *sōkīni- o. *sōkni- [..] till germ. *sōkian”

[3] Torp, Alf (1919), “socken”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 820: “Germ. *sôk-ni-, sokî-ni-”