< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sīhwaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to filter”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsiː.xʷɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*sīhwaną[1][2]
- to filter
Inflection
Note: Voiced Verner alternant gw becomes w, but g next to u.
Conjugation of *sīhwaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sīhwō | *sīhwaų | — | *sīhwai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *sīhwizi | *sīhwaiz | *sīhw | *sīhwazai | *sīhwaizau |
| 3rd singular | *sīhwidi | *sīhwai | *sīhwadau | *sīhwadai | *sīhwaidau |
| 1st dual | *sīhwōz | *sīhwaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sīhwadiz | *sīhwaidiz | *sīhwadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sīhwamaz | *sīhwaim | — | *sīhwandai | *sīhwaindau |
| 2nd plural | *sīhwid | *sīhwaid | *sīhwid | *sīhwandai | *sīhwaindau |
| 3rd plural | *sīhwandi | *sīhwain | *sīhwandau | *sīhwandai | *sīhwaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *saihw | *siwį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *saiht | *siwīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *saihw | *siwī | |||
| 1st dual | *sigū | *siwīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *sigudiz | *siwīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *sigum | *siwīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *sigud | *siwīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *sigun | *siwīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sīhwandz | *siwanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *saigijaną (original causative)
- *saikijaną (secondary causative)
- *sikkōną (zero-grade iterative)
Related terms
- *saigraz
- *sīganą
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sīhwan
- Old English: sīon, sēon
- Middle English: sihen, sien (merged with sīġan < Proto-Germanic *sīganą)
- Scots: sye
- English: sie
- Middle English: sihen, sien (merged with sīġan < Proto-Germanic *sīganą)
- Old Frisian: sīa
- Old Saxon: *sīhan
- Middle Low German: sîen
- German Low German: sejen
- Middle Low German: sîen
- Old Dutch: *sīan
- Middle Dutch: siën
- Dutch: zien
- Afrikaans: sien
- Javindo: sien, siet
- Jersey Dutch: zîn, zîne
- Limburgish: zeen
- Dutch: zien
- Middle Dutch: siën
- Old High German: sīhan
- Middle High German: sīhen
- German: seihen
- Bavarian: siachen (southern dialect)
- Middle High German: sīhen
- Old English: sīon, sēon
- Old Norse: sía
- Icelandic: sía
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sīhwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435-436
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*sīxwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 329-330