< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swōganą
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswɔː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
*swōganą
- to overwhelm, break in
Inflection
Conjugation of *swōganą (strong class 7e)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *swōgō | *swōgaų | — | *swōgai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *swōgizi | *swōgaiz | *swōg | *swōgazai | *swōgaizau |
| 3rd singular | *swōgidi | *swōgai | *swōgadau | *swōgadai | *swōgaidau |
| 1st dual | *swōgōz | *swōgaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *swōgadiz | *swōgaidiz | *swōgadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *swōgamaz | *swōgaim | — | *swōgandai | *swōgaindau |
| 2nd plural | *swōgid | *swōgaid | *swōgid | *swōgandai | *swōgaindau |
| 3rd plural | *swōgandi | *swōgain | *swōgandau | *swōgandai | *swōgaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *seswōg | *seswōgį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *seswōht | *seswōgīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *seswōg | *seswōgī | |||
| 1st dual | *seswōgū | *seswōgīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *seswōgudiz | *seswōgīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *seswōgum | *seswōgīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *seswōgud | *seswōgīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *seswōgun | *seswōgīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *swōgandz | *swōganaz | |||
Descendants
- West Germanic: *swōgan
- Old English: swōgan, sƿōgan
- Middle English: swowen, souȝen, soghen
- English: sough
- Scots: swouch, souch
- Middle English: swōune (“faintness”) (past participle)
- Middle English: swōunen
- English: swoon
- Middle English: swōunen
- Middle English: swowen, souȝen, soghen
- Old Saxon: swōgan
- Old Dutch: *swuogan
- Middle Dutch: *swoegen
- Dutch: zwoegen
- Middle Dutch: *swoegen
- Old English: swōgan, sƿōgan
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἠχή (ēkhḗ), Latin vagio and Sanskrit वग्नु (vagnu).
Verb
*swōganą
- to resound
Inflection
Conjugation of *swōganą (strong class 7e)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *swōgō | *swōgaų | — | *swōgai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *swōgizi | *swōgaiz | *swōg | *swōgazai | *swōgaizau |
| 3rd singular | *swōgidi | *swōgai | *swōgadau | *swōgadai | *swōgaidau |
| 1st dual | *swōgōz | *swōgaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *swōgadiz | *swōgaidiz | *swōgadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *swōgamaz | *swōgaim | — | *swōgandai | *swōgaindau |
| 2nd plural | *swōgid | *swōgaid | *swōgid | *swōgandai | *swōgaindau |
| 3rd plural | *swōgandi | *swōgain | *swōgandau | *swōgandai | *swōgaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *seswōg | *seswōgį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *seswōht | *seswōgīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *seswōg | *seswōgī | |||
| 1st dual | *seswōgū | *seswōgīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *seswōgudiz | *seswōgīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *seswōgum | *seswōgīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *seswōgud | *seswōgīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *seswōgun | *seswōgīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *swōgandz | *swōganaz | |||
Related terms
- *swōgiz
Descendants
- West Germanic: *swōgan
- Old English: swōgan, swœ̄gan
- Old Norse: svagla
- Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*swōgan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaswōgjan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (swōgatjan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufswōgjan)