< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīnaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).According to Kroonen the development of the initial consonant cluster was unstable, leading to the doublets *dwīnaną and *þwīnaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*swīnaną[1][2]
- to dwindle, to disappear
Inflection
Conjugation of *swīnaną (strong class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *swīnō | *swīnaų | — | *swīnai | ? |
2nd singular | *swīnizi | *swīnaiz | *swīn | *swīnazai | *swīnaizau |
3rd singular | *swīnidi | *swīnai | *swīnadau | *swīnadai | *swīnaidau |
1st dual | *swīnōz | *swīnaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *swīnadiz | *swīnaidiz | *swīnadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *swīnamaz | *swīnaim | — | *swīnandai | *swīnaindau |
2nd plural | *swīnid | *swīnaid | *swīnid | *swīnandai | *swīnaindau |
3rd plural | *swīnandi | *swīnain | *swīnandau | *swīnandai | *swīnaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *swain | *swinį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *swaint | *swinīz | |||
3rd singular | *swain | *swinī | |||
1st dual | *swinū | *swinīw | |||
2nd dual | *swinudiz | *swinīdiz | |||
1st plural | *swinum | *swinīm | |||
2nd plural | *swinud | *swinīd | |||
3rd plural | *swinun | *swinīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *swīnandz | *swinanaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *swīnan
- Old Saxon: *swīnan
- Middle Low German: swînen
- Old Dutch: *swīnan
- Middle Dutch: swînen
- Dutch: swijnen (obsolete)
- Middle Dutch: swînen
- Old High German: swīnan
- Middle High German: swīnen
- Alemannic German: schwiine
- German: schweinen (obsolete)
- Middle High German: swīnen
- Old Saxon: *swīnan
- Old Norse: svína
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*swīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 502
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*swīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 397