Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sweraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to ache, fester”). Possibly related to Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬑‎ (aravx, “wound, hurt”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswe.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sweraną

to hurt
to fester; ulcerate

Inflection

Conjugation of *sweraną (strong class 4)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*swerō	*sweraų	—	*swerai	*?
2nd singular	*swirizi	*sweraiz	*swer	*swerazai	*sweraizau
3rd singular	*swiridi	*swerai	*sweradau	*sweradai	*sweraidau
1st dual	*swerōz	*sweraiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sweradiz	*sweraidiz	*sweradiz	—	—
1st plural	*sweramaz	*sweraim	—	*swerandai	*sweraindau
2nd plural	*swirid	*sweraid	*swirid	*swerandai	*sweraindau
3rd plural	*swerandi	*swerain	*swerandau	*swerandai	*sweraindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swar	*swērį̄
2nd singular	*swart	*swērīz
3rd singular	*swar	*swērī
1st dual	*swērū	*swērīw
2nd dual	*swērudiz	*swērīdiz
1st plural	*swērum	*swērīm
2nd plural	*swērud	*swērīd
3rd plural	*swērun	*swērīn

	present	past
participles	*swerandz	*s(w)uranaz

Derived terms

*swerô

Related terms

*swerdą

Descendants

Old English: (swor; swarnian, swārnian, swornian)
Old Saxon: *sweran
- Middle Low German: swēren
Old Dutch: *sweran
- Middle Dutch: swēren
  - Dutch: zweren
Old High German: sweran; (swero; swerado, swerdo)
- Middle High German: swërn; (swere, swer, geswer; swerde)
  - German: schwären; (Geschwür)