< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sweltaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to smolder; burn; scorch”). Cognate with Old Armenian քաղց (kʿałcʿ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswel.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*sweltaną
- to die; succumb
Inflection
Conjugation of *sweltaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sweltō | *sweltaų | — | *sweltai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *swiltizi | *sweltaiz | *swelt | *sweltazai | *sweltaizau |
| 3rd singular | *swiltidi | *sweltai | *sweltadau | *sweltadai | *sweltaidau |
| 1st dual | *sweltōz | *sweltaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sweltadiz | *sweltaidiz | *sweltadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sweltamaz | *sweltaim | — | *sweltandai | *sweltaindau |
| 2nd plural | *swiltid | *sweltaid | *swiltid | *sweltandai | *sweltaindau |
| 3rd plural | *sweltandi | *sweltain | *sweltandau | *sweltandai | *sweltaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *swalt | *swultį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *swalst | *swultīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *swalt | *swultī | |||
| 1st dual | *swultū | *swultīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *swultudiz | *swultīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *swultum | *swultīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *swultud | *swultīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *swultun | *swultīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sweltandz | *swultanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *swaltijaną
Descendants
- Old English: sweltan
- Middle English: swelten
- Scots: swelt, swalt
- English: swelt
- Middle English: swelten
- Old Saxon: sweltan
- Old Dutch: *sweltan
- Middle Dutch: swelten
- Dutch: zwelten
- Middle Dutch: swelten
- Old High German: swelzan
- Middle High German: swëlzen
- Old Norse: svelta
- Icelandic: svelta
- Faroese: svølta
- Old Swedish: svælta
- Swedish: svälta
- Danish: svelte (archaic or dialectal), sulte (-u- under influence from adjective/participle sulten and noun sult)
- Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌽 (swiltan)
- Crimean Gothic: schwalth