Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swelaną

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swelaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to burn”), cognate with Lithuanian svìlti (“to singe”) and Latvian svals (“vapor, smoke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswe.lɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swelaną[1][2]

1. to burn

Inflection

Conjugation of *swelaną (strong class 4)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swelō	*swelaų	—	*swelai	?
2nd singular	*swilizi	*swelaiz	*swel	*swelazai	*swelaizau
3rd singular	*swilidi	*swelai	*sweladau	*sweladai	*swelaidau
1st dual	*swelōz	*swelaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sweladiz	*swelaidiz	*sweladiz	—	—
1st plural	*swelamaz	*swelaim	—	*swelandai	*swelaindau
2nd plural	*swilid	*swelaid	*swilid	*swelandai	*swelaindau
3rd plural	*swelandi	*swelain	*swelandau	*swelandai	*swelaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swal	*swēlį̄
2nd singular	*swalt	*swēlīz
3rd singular	*swal	*swēlī
1st dual	*swēlū	*swēlīw
2nd dual	*swēludiz	*swēlīdiz
1st plural	*swēlum	*swēlīm
2nd plural	*swēlud	*swēlīd
3rd plural	*swēlun	*swēlīn
	present	past
participles	*swelandz	*sulanaz

Derived terms

• *swalaz
• *swaljaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *swelan
  • Old English: swelan
    • Middle English: swelen
      • English: sweal
  • Old Saxon: *swelan
    • Middle Low German: swelen
  • Old High German: *swelan
    • ⇒ Old High German: erswelan

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*swelan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 498
2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*swelanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 393