< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swartijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (“dirty, dark, black”), cognate with Latin sordeō. Equivalent to *swartaz + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswɑr.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*swartijaną[1]
- to become black, blacken
Inflection
Conjugation of *swartijaną (weak class 3 j-present)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *swartijō | *swartijaų | — | — | — |
2nd singular | *swartaisi | *swartijais | *swartai | — | — |
3rd singular | *swartaiþi | *swartijai | *swartijaþau | — | — |
1st dual | *swartijōs | *swartijaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *swartijaþiz | *swartijaiþiz | *swartijaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *swartijamaz | *swartijaim | — | — | — |
2nd plural | *swartaiþ | *swartijaiþ | *swartaiþ | — | — |
3rd plural | *swartijanþi | *swartijain | *swartijanþau | — | — |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *swartdǭ | *swartdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *swartdēz | *swartdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *swartdē | *swartdēdī | |||
1st dual | *swartdēdū | *swartdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *swartdēdudiz | *swartdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *swartdēdum | *swartdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *swartdēdud | *swartdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *swartdēdun | *swartdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *swartijandz | *swartdaz |
Descendants
- West Germanic: *swartēn
- Old High German: swarzēn
- Middle High German: swarzen
- ⇒ Old High German: irswarzēn
- Old High German: swarzēn
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*swartēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 392