< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swaitijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *swait- (“sweat”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswɑi.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*swaitijaną[1][2]
- to sweat
Inflection
Conjugation of *swaitijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *swaitijō | *swaitijaų | — | *swaitijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *swaitīsi | *swaitijais | *swaitī | *swaitijasai | *swaitijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *swaitīþi | *swaitijai | *swaitijaþau | *swaitijaþai | *swaitijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *swaitijōs | *swaitijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *swaitijaþiz | *swaitijaiþiz | *swaitijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *swaitijamaz | *swaitijaim | — | *swaitijanþai | *swaitijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *swaitīþ | *swaitijaiþ | *swaitīþ | *swaitijanþai | *swaitijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *swaitijanþi | *swaitijain | *swaitijanþau | *swaitijanþai | *swaitijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *swaitidǭ | *swaitidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *swaitidēz | *swaitidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *swaitidē | *swaitidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *swaitidēdū | *swaitidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *swaitidēdudiz | *swaitidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *swaitidēdum | *swaitidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *swaitidēdud | *swaitidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *swaitidēdun | *swaitidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *swaitijandz | *swaitidaz | |||
Related terms
- *switjaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *swaitijan
- Old English: swǣtan
- Middle English: sweten, sweaten, swheten
- English: sweat
- Scots: sweet, swate, sweit, swite
- Middle English: sweten, sweaten, swheten
- Old Saxon: *swētian
- Middle Low German: swêten
- Old Dutch: *swēten
- Middle Dutch: swêten
- Dutch: zweten
- Middle Dutch: swêten
- Old High German: sweizzen
- Old English: swǣtan
- Old Norse: sveita (only attested as reflexive sveitask)
- Icelandic: sveita
- Faroese: sveitta
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: svette
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sveitta, sveitte
- Westrobothnian: schwaittäs
- Swedish: svettas
- Danish: svede
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*swaita-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494: “*swaitjan-”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*swaitjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 390