Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *swurgō, from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”). Cognate with Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”), Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”), Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”).

Noun

*surgō f

worry, care, sorrow

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *surgō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*surgō	*surgôz
vocative	*surgō	*surgôz
accusative	*surgǭ	*surgōz
genitive	*surgōz	*surgǫ̂
dative	*surgōi	*surgōmaz
instrumental	*surgō	*surgōmiz

Derived terms

*surgijaną

Descendants

Old English: sorh, sorg
- Middle English: sorȝe, sorwe, sorow
  - English: sorrow
  - Scots: sorow
Old Frisian: sorge
- Saterland Frisian: Suurge, Sourge
- West Frisian: soarch
Old Saxon: sorga
- Middle Low German: sorge
  - Low German: Sorge, Soarge, Suarge, Suare, Sōerje (all Westphalian)
  - Plautdietsch: Sorj
Old Dutch: sworga, sorga
- Middle Dutch: sorge, sorghe, surghe
  - Dutch: zorg
    - Afrikaans: sorg
Old High German: sworga, sorga
- Middle High German: sorge
  - German: Sorge
  - Luxembourgish: Suerg
  - Yiddish: זאָרג‎ (zorg)
Old Norse: sorg
- Icelandic: sorg
- Faroese: sorg
- Norwegian:
  Norwegian Bokmål: sorg
  Norwegian Nynorsk: sorg
- Old Swedish: sorgh
  - Swedish: sorg
- Danish: sorg
Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰 (saurga)