< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stīganą
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *stéygʰeti, from *steygʰ- (“to walk”). Cognate with Ancient Greek στείχω (steíkhō, “I go”) and Old Church Slavonic стигнѫ (stignǫ, “I come”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstiː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*stīganą[1][2]
- to go up; climb, ascend
Inflection
Conjugation of *stīganą (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *stīgō | *stīgaų | — | *stīgai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *stīgizi | *stīgaiz | *stīg | *stīgazai | *stīgaizau |
| 3rd singular | *stīgidi | *stīgai | *stīgadau | *stīgadai | *stīgaidau |
| 1st dual | *stīgōz | *stīgaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *stīgadiz | *stīgaidiz | *stīgadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *stīgamaz | *stīgaim | — | *stīgandai | *stīgaindau |
| 2nd plural | *stīgid | *stīgaid | *stīgid | *stīgandai | *stīgaindau |
| 3rd plural | *stīgandi | *stīgain | *stīgandau | *stīgandai | *stīgaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *staig | *stigį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *staiht | *stigīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *staig | *stigī | |||
| 1st dual | *stigū | *stigīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *stigudiz | *stigīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *stigum | *stigīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *stigud | *stigīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *stigun | *stigīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *stīgandz | *stiganaz | |||
Derived terms
- *staigijaną
- *staigō
- *stīgaz
- *stīgō
- *stihtaz
- *stihtiz
- *uberstīganą
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *stīgan
- Old English: stīgan
- Middle English: stighen, stien
- Scots: styan
- English: sty
- Middle English: stighen, stien
- Old Frisian: stīga
- Saterland Frisian: stiege
- West Frisian: stige
- Old Saxon: stīgan
- Middle Low German: stîgen
- German Low German: stiegen
- Middle Low German: stîgen
- Old Dutch: stīgan
- Middle Dutch: stigen
- Dutch: stijgen
- Limburgish: stiege
- Middle Dutch: stigen
- Old High German: stīgan
- Middle High German: stīgen
- German: steigen
- Hunsrik: steie
- Luxembourgish: steigen
- Yiddish: שטײַגן (shtaygn)
- Middle High German: stīgen
- Old English: stīgan
- Old Norse: stíga
- Icelandic: stíga
- Faroese: stíga
- Norwegian Nynorsk: stiga, stige
- Norwegian Bokmål: stige
- Elfdalian: staiga
- Westrobothnian: stíg’
- Old Swedish: stīgha
- Swedish: stiga
- Scanian: stíğa, stǽğa
- Old Danish: stīghæ
- Danish: stige
- Gutnish: steige
- Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (steigan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*stīgan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 479
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*stīʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 378