< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturknaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
A fientive verb derived from a strong verb *sterkaną (attested only in its past participle), from Proto-Indo-European *sterg- (“rigid, stiff”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsturk.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*sturknaną[1][3]
- (intransitive) to dry up
- (intransitive) to thicken, congeal
Inflection
Conjugation of *sturknaną (weak class 4)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sturknō | *sturknaų | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | *sturknōsi | *sturknais | *sturknō | — | — |
| 3rd singular | *sturknōþi | *sturknai | *sturknōþau | — | — |
| 1st dual | *sturknōs | *sturknaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sturknaþiz | *sturknaiþiz | *sturknaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sturknamaz | *sturknaim | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | *sturknaþ | *sturknaiþ | *sturknaþ | — | — |
| 3rd plural | *sturknanþi | *sturknain | *sturknanþau | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *sturknōdǭ | *sturknōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *sturknōdēz | *sturknōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *sturknōdē | *sturknōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *sturknōdēdū | *sturknōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *sturknōdēdudiz | *sturknōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *sturknōdēdum | *sturknōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *sturknōdēdud | *sturknōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *sturknōdēdun | *sturknōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sturknandz | — | |||
Related terms
- *starkuz
- *sterkaną
- *sturkiz
Descendants
- ⇒ Old High German: gistorkanen
- Old Norse: storkna
- Icelandic: storkna
- Westrobothnian: startn, starrn, ståsjn, startän, stórktän, stórtän
- Old Swedish: storkna
- Swedish: storkna
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gastaurknan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sturki-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 259
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*sturknōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 384