Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stukōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to beat, push”).

Verb

*stukōną

to push, thrust, be stiff

Inflection

Conjugation of *stukōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*stukō	*stukǭ	—	*stukōi	*?
2nd singular	*stukōsi	*stukōs	*stukō	*stukōsai	*stukōsau
3rd singular	*stukōþi	*stukō	*stukōþau	*stukōþai	*stukōþau
1st dual	*stukōs	*stukōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stukōþiz	*stukōþiz	*stukōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stukōmaz	*stukōm	—	*stukōnþai	*stukōnþau
2nd plural	*stukōþ	*stukōþ	*stukōþ	*stukōnþai	*stukōnþau
3rd plural	*stukōnþi	*stukōn	*stukōnþau	*stukōnþai	*stukōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stukōdǭ	*stukōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*stukōdēz	*stukōdēdīz
3rd singular	*stukōdē	*stukōdēdī
1st dual	*stukōdēdū	*stukōdēdīw
2nd dual	*stukōdēdudiz	*stukōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*stukōdēdum	*stukōdēdīm
2nd plural	*stukōdēdud	*stukōdēdīd
3rd plural	*stukōdēdun	*stukōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*stukōndz	*stukōdaz

Related terms

*stukjaną

Descendants

Old English: *stocian
- Middle English: stoken (possibly a borrowing)
  - English: stoke
Old Saxon: *stokōn; stukkian
- Middle Low German: stōken, stȫken, stöcken; stōkelen, stȫkelen
  - German Low German: stökeln; stökern
  - → German: stochen
Old Dutch: *stokon; stukken
- Middle Dutch: stōken
  - Dutch: stoken
  - → Old French: estoquer; estochier
    - Middle French: estoquer
      - French: estoquer
Old High German: *stochōn
- Middle High German: stocken
Old Norse: *stoka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: stauka