< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stikaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp, to stab, to goad, to puncture”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsti.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*stikaną[1][2]
- to stick
- to stab
Inflection
The present tense forms have the zero grade vowel -i- rather than -ī-.
Conjugation of *stikaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *stikō | *stikaų | — | *stikai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *stikizi | *stikaiz | *stik | *stikazai | *stikaizau |
| 3rd singular | *stikidi | *stikai | *stikadau | *stikadai | *stikaidau |
| 1st dual | *stikōz | *stikaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *stikadiz | *stikaidiz | *stikadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *stikamaz | *stikaim | — | *stikandai | *stikaindau |
| 2nd plural | *stikid | *stikaid | *stikid | *stikandai | *stikaindau |
| 3rd plural | *stikandi | *stikain | *stikandau | *stikandai | *stikaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *staik | *stikį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *staiht | *stikīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *staik | *stikī | |||
| 1st dual | *stikū | *stikīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *stikudiz | *stikīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *stikum | *stikīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *stikud | *stikīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *stikun | *stikīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *stikandz | *stikanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *stikiz
Related terms
- *stikjaną (“to stitch”)
- *stikōną (“to stick”)
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *stekan
- Old Frisian: steka
- West Frisian: stekke
- Old Saxon: stekan
- Middle Low German: stēken
- German Low German: steken
- Middle Low German: stēken
- Old Dutch: *stecan
- Middle Dutch: steken
- Dutch: steken
- Middle Dutch: steken
- Old High German: stehhan, stechan
- Middle High German: stechen
- German: stechen
- Luxembourgish: stiechen
- Yiddish: שטעכן (shtekhn)
- Middle High German: stechen
- Old Frisian: steka
- >? Westrobothnian: steka
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*stekan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*stekanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 373