Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sternǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*sternô

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. According to Kroonen, the word became an n-stem in Germanic, Pre-Germanic *h₂stérōn, gen. *h₂sternés, which gave rise to two stems, *ster- and *sterr-, the latter through Kluge's law. The forms showing *stern- have reintroduced the -n- from the cases where it had not been assimilated.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈster.nɔ̃ː/

Noun

*sternǭ f

star

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *sternǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*sternǭ	*sternōniz
vocative	*sternǭ	*sternōniz
accusative	*sternōnų	*sternōnunz
genitive	*sternōniz	*sternōnǫ̂
dative	*sternōni	*sternōmaz
instrumental	*sternōnē	*sternōmiz

Derived terms

*sebunstirniją

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sternō, *sterrō m
- Old English: steorra, stearra, stiorra, styrra, sterra
  - Middle English: sterre, star, starre, ster, sterrie, sturre; steorra, steorre, storre
    - English: star (see there for further descendants)
    - Scots: ster
    - Yola: starr, steor
- Old Frisian: stēra
  - North Frisian: steer
  - West Frisian: stjer
- Old Saxon: sterro
  - Middle Low German: stērne, stērn
    - German Low German: Steern
    - Plautdietsch: Stiern
    - → Saterland Frisian: Stiern
- Old Dutch: sterno, sterro
  - Middle Dutch: sterre, sterne
    - Dutch: ster
      - Afrikaans: ster
      - Negerhollands: ster
      - → Indonesian: seter
    - Limburgish: stèr, stèrn
    - West Flemish: sterre
- Old High German: sterno, sterro, stern
  - Middle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn
    - Alemannic German: Stern
    - Bavarian: Stean
      Mòcheno: stern
    - Central Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern
      Hunsrik: Stern
      Luxembourgish: Stär
    - German: Stern
    - Vilamovian: śtaom
    - Yiddish: שטערן‎ (shtern)
Old Norse: stjarna
- Icelandic: stjarna
- Faroese: stjørna
- Norn: sterna
- Norwegian: stjerne
- Old Swedish: stiærna
  - Swedish: stjärna
- Old Danish: stiærnæ
  - Danish: stjerne
- Elfdalian: stienna
- Gutnish: stjännå, stjänne
- Scanian: stjærna
- → Middle English: sterne, stern, starne, starn, sterrne, steorrne
  - Northern English: starn
  - Scots: starn
East Germanic
- Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō)
- Crimean Gothic: stein

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN