< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stenaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to crash, sound, thunder, roar, moan”). Cognate with Latin tonō (“thunder”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈste.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*stenaną
- to sigh, to groan
Inflection
Conjugation of *stenaną (strong class 4)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *stenō | *stenaų | — | *stenai | *? |
2nd singular | *stinizi | *stenaiz | *sten | *stenazai | *stenaizau |
3rd singular | *stinidi | *stenai | *stenadau | *stenadai | *stenaidau |
1st dual | *stenōz | *stenaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *stenadiz | *stenaidiz | *stenadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *stenamaz | *stenaim | — | *stenandai | *stenaindau |
2nd plural | *stinid | *stenaid | *stinid | *stenandai | *stenaindau |
3rd plural | *stenandi | *stenain | *stenandau | *stenandai | *stenaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *stan | *stēnį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *stant | *stēnīz | |||
3rd singular | *stan | *stēnī | |||
1st dual | *stēnū | *stēnīw | |||
2nd dual | *stēnudiz | *stēnīdiz | |||
1st plural | *stēnum | *stēnīm | |||
2nd plural | *stēnud | *stēnīd | |||
3rd plural | *stēnun | *stēnīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *stenandz | *stunanaz |
Derived terms
- *stanjaną
- *stēnijaną
- *stuniz
- *stunjaną
- *stunōną
Descendants
- Old English: stenan, stinan
- Middle English: stenen, steynen (regarded as byforms of stunien)
- Old Dutch: *stenan
- Middle Dutch: stēnen
- Dutch: stenen, steunen (with unexpected rounding, possibly from Middle Dutch stōnen)
- Middle Dutch: stēnen