< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stabnijaną
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstɑβ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From *stabnō (“voice”) + *-janą.
Verb
*stabnijaną
- to make oneself be heard
- to tune an instrument
- to vote
Inflection
Conjugation of *stabnijaną (weak class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *stabnijō | *stabnijaų | — | *stabnijai | *? |
2nd singular | *stabnīsi | *stabnijais | *stabnī | *stabnijasai | *stabnijaisau |
3rd singular | *stabnīþi | *stabnijai | *stabnijaþau | *stabnijaþai | *stabnijaiþau |
1st dual | *stabnijōs | *stabnijaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *stabnijaþiz | *stabnijaiþiz | *stabnijaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *stabnijamaz | *stabnijaim | — | *stabnijanþai | *stabnijainþau |
2nd plural | *stabnīþ | *stabnijaiþ | *stabnīþ | *stabnijanþai | *stabnijainþau |
3rd plural | *stabnijanþi | *stabnijain | *stabnijanþau | *stabnijanþai | *stabnijainþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *stabnidǭ | *stabnidēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *stabnidēz | *stabnidēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *stabnidē | *stabnidēdī | |||
1st dual | *stabnidēdū | *stabnidēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *stabnidēdudiz | *stabnidēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *stabnidēdum | *stabnidēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *stabnidēdud | *stabnidēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *stabnidēdun | *stabnidēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *stabnijandz | *stabnidaz |
Alternative reconstructions
- *stamnijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
- Old English: stemnan, stefnan
- Middle English: stemmen, stevenen
- Old Frisian: *stemma
- West Frisian: stimme
- ⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma
- Old Saxon: *stemnian
- Middle Low German: stemmen
- Old Dutch: *stemnen
- Middle Dutch: stemmen
- Dutch: stemmen
- Middle Dutch: stemmen
- >? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)
- Middle High German: stimmen
- German: stimmen
- ⇒ Old High German: gistimmen
- Middle High German: stimmen
- Old English: stemnan, stefnan
- Old Norse: stefna
Etymology 2
From *stabnaz (“stem of a ship”) + *-janą.
Verb
*stabnijaną
- to direct, steer
Inflection
Conjugation of *stabnijaną (weak class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *stabnijō | *stabnijaų | — | *stabnijai | *? |
2nd singular | *stabnīsi | *stabnijais | *stabnī | *stabnijasai | *stabnijaisau |
3rd singular | *stabnīþi | *stabnijai | *stabnijaþau | *stabnijaþai | *stabnijaiþau |
1st dual | *stabnijōs | *stabnijaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *stabnijaþiz | *stabnijaiþiz | *stabnijaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *stabnijamaz | *stabnijaim | — | *stabnijanþai | *stabnijainþau |
2nd plural | *stabnīþ | *stabnijaiþ | *stabnīþ | *stabnijanþai | *stabnijainþau |
3rd plural | *stabnijanþi | *stabnijain | *stabnijanþau | *stabnijanþai | *stabnijainþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *stabnidǭ | *stabnidēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *stabnidēz | *stabnidēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *stabnidē | *stabnidēdī | |||
1st dual | *stabnidēdū | *stabnidēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *stabnidēdudiz | *stabnidēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *stabnidēdum | *stabnidēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *stabnidēdud | *stabnidēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *stabnidēdun | *stabnidēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *stabnijandz | *stabnidaz |
Alternative reconstructions
- *stamnijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
- Old English: *stefnan
- Middle English: stevenen
- Old Saxon: *stefnian
- Middle Low German: stēvenen, stefnen
- Old Dutch: *stefnen
- Middle Dutch: *stēvenen
- Dutch: stevenen
- Middle Dutch: *stēvenen
- Old English: *stefnan
- Old Norse: stefna
- Icelandic: stefna
- Faroese: stefna
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: stemne, stevne
- Norwegian Nynorsk: stemne, stemna