< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sputtijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *sputtą (“spit, spot”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsput.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*sputtijaną[1]
- to spit
Inflection
Conjugation of *sputtijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sputtijō | *sputtijaų | — | *sputtijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *sputtīsi | *sputtijais | *sputtī | *sputtijasai | *sputtijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *sputtīþi | *sputtijai | *sputtijaþau | *sputtijaþai | *sputtijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *sputtijōs | *sputtijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sputtijaþiz | *sputtijaiþiz | *sputtijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sputtijamaz | *sputtijaim | — | *sputtijanþai | *sputtijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *sputtīþ | *sputtijaiþ | *sputtīþ | *sputtijanþai | *sputtijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *sputtijanþi | *sputtijain | *sputtijanþau | *sputtijanþai | *sputtijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *sputtidǭ | *sputtidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *sputtidēz | *sputtidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *sputtidē | *sputtidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *sputtidēdū | *sputtidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *sputtidēdudiz | *sputtidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *sputtidēdum | *sputtidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *sputtidēdud | *sputtidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *sputtidēdun | *sputtidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sputtijandz | *sputtidaz | |||
Related terms
- *spīwatjaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sputtijan
- Old English: spyttan, spittan
- Middle English: spitten
- English: spit
- Middle English: spitten
- Old Dutch: *sputten
- Middle Dutch: *sputten
- Dutch: sputten (dialectal)
- ⇒ Dutch: sputteren
- Middle Dutch: *sputten
- Old Saxon: *sputtian
- Middle Low German: spütten
- Old High German: *spuzzen
- Middle High German: *spützen
- German: spützen (dialectal)
- Middle High German: *spützen
- Old English: spyttan, spittan
- Old Norse: spytta
- Norwegian Bokmål: spytte
- Danish: spytte
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*sputtjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 368