< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spurōną
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈspu.rɔː.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From *spurą (“track, trace”) + *-ōną.
Verb
*spurōną[1]
- to track, to trace
Inflection
Conjugation of *spurōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *spurō | *spurǭ | — | *spurōi | *? |
2nd singular | *spurōsi | *spurōs | *spurō | *spurōsai | *spurōsau |
3rd singular | *spurōþi | *spurō | *spurōþau | *spurōþai | *spurōþau |
1st dual | *spurōs | *spurōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *spurōþiz | *spurōþiz | *spurōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *spurōmaz | *spurōm | — | *spurōnþai | *spurōnþau |
2nd plural | *spurōþ | *spurōþ | *spurōþ | *spurōnþai | *spurōnþau |
3rd plural | *spurōnþi | *spurōn | *spurōnþau | *spurōnþai | *spurōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *spurōdǭ | *spurōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *spurōdēz | *spurōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *spurōdē | *spurōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *spurōdēdū | *spurōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *spurōdēdudiz | *spurōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *spurōdēdum | *spurōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *spurōdēdud | *spurōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *spurōdēdun | *spurōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *spurōndz | *spurōdaz |
Related terms
- *spurjaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sporōn
- Old Frisian: *sporia
- West Frisian: spoarje, spoare
- Old Saxon: *sporōn
- Middle Low German: spōren
- Old Dutch: *sporon
- Middle Dutch: spōren
- Dutch: sporen
- Middle Dutch: spōren
- Old Frisian: *sporia
- Old Norse: spora
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: spore
- Norwegian Nynorsk: spore, spora
- Swedish: spåra
- Danish: spore
- Norwegian:
Etymology 2
From *spurô (“spur”) + *-ōną.
Verb
*spurōną[1]
- to spur
- to kick
- to trample
Inflection
Conjugation of *spurōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *spurō | *spurǭ | — | *spurōi | *? |
2nd singular | *spurōsi | *spurōs | *spurō | *spurōsai | *spurōsau |
3rd singular | *spurōþi | *spurō | *spurōþau | *spurōþai | *spurōþau |
1st dual | *spurōs | *spurōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *spurōþiz | *spurōþiz | *spurōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *spurōmaz | *spurōm | — | *spurōnþai | *spurōnþau |
2nd plural | *spurōþ | *spurōþ | *spurōþ | *spurōnþai | *spurōnþau |
3rd plural | *spurōnþi | *spurōn | *spurōnþau | *spurōnþai | *spurōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *spurōdǭ | *spurōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *spurōdēz | *spurōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *spurōdē | *spurōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *spurōdēdū | *spurōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *spurōdēdudiz | *spurōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *spurōdēdum | *spurōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *spurōdēdud | *spurōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *spurōdēdun | *spurōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *spurōndz | *spurōdaz |
Related terms
- *spurnaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sporōn
- Old English: *sporian
- Middle English: sporen, spuren, spurren, spore, spurie, sporie
- English: spur
- Scots: spur
- Middle English: sporen, spuren, spurren, spore, spurie, sporie
- Old Dutch: *sporon
- Middle Dutch: spōren
- Dutch: sporen
- Middle Dutch: spōren
- Old High German: sporōn
- Middle High German: sporen
- Old English: *sporian
- Old Norse: spora
- Danish: spore
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*spurōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 367-368