< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spurnijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Closely related to the strong verb *spurnaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈspur.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*spurnijaną
- to spur; push; kick
Inflection
Conjugation of *spurnijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *spurnijō | *spurnijaų | — | *spurnijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *spurnīsi | *spurnijais | *spurnī | *spurnijasai | *spurnijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *spurnīþi | *spurnijai | *spurnijaþau | *spurnijaþai | *spurnijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *spurnijōs | *spurnijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *spurnijaþiz | *spurnijaiþiz | *spurnijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *spurnijamaz | *spurnijaim | — | *spurnijanþai | *spurnijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *spurnīþ | *spurnijaiþ | *spurnīþ | *spurnijanþai | *spurnijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *spurnijanþi | *spurnijain | *spurnijanþau | *spurnijanþai | *spurnijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *spurnidǭ | *spurnidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *spurnidēz | *spurnidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *spurnidē | *spurnidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *spurnidēdū | *spurnidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *spurnidēdudiz | *spurnidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *spurnidēdum | *spurnidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *spurnidēdud | *spurnidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *spurnidēdun | *spurnidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *spurnijandz | *spurnidaz | |||
Related terms
- *spurōną
- *spurô
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *spurnijan
- English: spyrnan
- Middle English: spirnen, spernen
- Old Dutch: *spurnen
- ⇒ Old Dutch: witherspurnen
- Old High German: spurnen
- Middle High German: spürnen
- English: spyrnan
- Old Norse: spyrna
- Icelandic: spyrna