< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sprīþaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *sprītaną
Etymology
From pre-Germanic *spreyt-, of uncertain origin; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- + *-ey- + *-t-. Variant stem *sprīt- influenced by iterative *spritt-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈspriː.θɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*sprīþaną[1][2]
- (West Germanic) to break up, become scattered
Inflection
Conjugation of *sprīþaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sprīþō | *sprīþaų | — | *sprīþai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *sprīþizi | *sprīþaiz | *sprīþ | *sprīþazai | *sprīþaizau |
| 3rd singular | *sprīþidi | *sprīþai | *sprīþadau | *sprīþadai | *sprīþaidau |
| 1st dual | *sprīþōz | *sprīþaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sprīþadiz | *sprīþaidiz | *sprīþadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sprīþamaz | *sprīþaim | — | *sprīþandai | *sprīþaindau |
| 2nd plural | *sprīþid | *sprīþaid | *sprīþid | *sprīþandai | *sprīþaindau |
| 3rd plural | *sprīþandi | *sprīþain | *sprīþandau | *sprīþandai | *sprīþaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *spraiþ | *spridį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *spraist | *spridīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *spraiþ | *spridī | |||
| 1st dual | *spridū | *spridīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *spridudiz | *spridīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *spridum | *spridīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *spridud | *spridīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *spridun | *spridīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sprīþandz | *spridanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *spraidijaną
- *sprittōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sprīþan
- Old High German: *sprīdan, sprīzan (influenced by *sprittōn)
- Middle High German: sprīden, sprīten
- Old High German: *sprīdan, sprīzan (influenced by *sprittōn)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sprīþan-~*sprītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*sprīđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 367