< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spruttōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *sprudnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *spreutaną (“to bud, sprout”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsprut.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*spruttōną
- to sprout, germinate
Inflection
The original Germanic paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *sprutt- against non-singular *sprut-.
Conjugation of *spruttōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *spruttō | *spruttǭ | — | *spruttōi | ? |
2nd singular | *spruttōsi | *spruttōs | *spruttō | *spruttōsai | *spruttōsau |
3rd singular | *spruttōþi | *spruttō | *spruttōþau | *spruttōþai | *spruttōþau |
1st dual | *spruttōs | *spruttōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *spruttōþiz | *spruttōþiz | *spruttōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *spruttōmaz | *spruttōm | — | *spruttōnþai | *spruttōnþau |
2nd plural | *spruttōþ | *spruttōþ | *spruttōþ | *spruttōnþai | *spruttōnþau |
3rd plural | *spruttōnþi | *spruttōn | *spruttōnþau | *spruttōnþai | *spruttōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *spruttōdǭ | *spruttōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *spruttōdēz | *spruttōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *spruttōdē | *spruttōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *spruttōdēdū | *spruttōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *spruttōdēdudiz | *spruttōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *spruttōdēdum | *spruttōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *spruttōdēdud | *spruttōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *spruttōdēdun | *spruttōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *spruttōndz | *spruttōdaz |
Descendants
- Dutch: sprotten (early modern)
- German: sprossen
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470