< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spehōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”). Cognate with Latin speciō (“look, stare, behold”), Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō, “I view, examine”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈspe.xɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*spehōną[1]
- to peer, look, spy
Inflection
Conjugation of *spehōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *spehō | *spehǭ | — | *spehōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *spehōsi | *spehōs | *spehō | *spehōsai | *spehōsau |
| 3rd singular | *spehōþi | *spehō | *spehōþau | *spehōþai | *spehōþau |
| 1st dual | *spehōs | *spehōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *spehōþiz | *spehōþiz | *spehōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *spehōmaz | *spehōm | — | *spehōnþai | *spehōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *spehōþ | *spehōþ | *spehōþ | *spehōnþai | *spehōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *spehōnþi | *spehōn | *spehōnþau | *spehōnþai | *spehōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *spehōdǭ | *spehōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *spehōdēz | *spehōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *spehōdē | *spehōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *spehōdēdū | *spehōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *spehōdēdudiz | *spehōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *spehōdēdum | *spehōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *spehōdēdud | *spehōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *spehōdēdun | *spehōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *spehōndz | *spehōdaz | |||
Derived terms
- *spehô
- *spehō
Related terms
- *spahōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *spehōn
- Old Saxon: *spehōn
- Middle Low German: spēgen, spējen, spēen, spēn
- → Old Norse: speja, spæja
- Icelandic: speja, spæja
- Norwegian: speide
- Swedish: speja
- Danish: spejde
- → Old Norse: speja, spæja
- Middle Low German: spēgen, spējen, spēen, spēn
- Old Dutch: *spion
- Middle Dutch: spien, spieden
- Dutch: spieden
- Middle Dutch: spien, spieden
- Old High German: spehōn, spiohōn, *spihōn (attested in derivative spihāri (“spy”))
- Middle High German: spëhen, spēn, *spiehen (attested in derivative spieher (“spy”))
- German: spähen
- Middle High German: spëhen, spēn, *spiehen (attested in derivative spieher (“spy”))
- → Vulgar Latin: *spiō (see there for further descendants)
- Old Saxon: *spehōn
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*spexōjanan~*spaxōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 363