< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spangijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *spangǭ (“spangle, clasp, fastening”) + *-janą
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈspɑŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*spangijaną[1]
- to spangle, to clasp together
- to limit, to constrain
Inflection
Conjugation of *spangijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *spangijō | *spangijaų | — | *spangijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *spangīsi | *spangijais | *spangī | *spangijasai | *spangijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *spangīþi | *spangijai | *spangijaþau | *spangijaþai | *spangijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *spangijōs | *spangijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *spangijaþiz | *spangijaiþiz | *spangijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *spangijamaz | *spangijaim | — | *spangijanþai | *spangijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *spangīþ | *spangijaiþ | *spangīþ | *spangijanþai | *spangijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *spangijanþi | *spangijain | *spangijanþau | *spangijanþai | *spangijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *spangidǭ | *spangidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *spangidēz | *spangidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *spangidē | *spangidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *spangidēdū | *spangidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *spangidēdudiz | *spangidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *spangidēdum | *spangidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *spangidēdud | *spangidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *spangidēdun | *spangidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *spangijandz | *spangidaz | |||
Descendants
- West Germanic: *spangijan
- Old Dutch: *spengen
- Middle Dutch: spengen
- Old Saxon: *spengian
- Middle Low German: spengen
- Old High German: *spengen
- Middle High German: spengen
- Old Dutch: *spengen
- Old Norse: spengja
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*spanʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 361