< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smarōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *smerōną
Etymology
Uncertain.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsmɑ.rɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*smarōną
- to mock; scoff at; deride
Inflection
Conjugation of *smarōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *smarō | *smarǭ | — | *smarōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *smarōsi | *smarōs | *smarō | *smarōsai | *smarōsau |
| 3rd singular | *smarōþi | *smarō | *smarōþau | *smarōþai | *smarōþau |
| 1st dual | *smarōs | *smarōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *smarōþiz | *smarōþiz | *smarōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *smarōmaz | *smarōm | — | *smarōnþai | *smarōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *smarōþ | *smarōþ | *smarōþ | *smarōnþai | *smarōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *smarōnþi | *smarōn | *smarōnþau | *smarōnþai | *smarōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *smarōdǭ | *smarōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *smarōdēz | *smarōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *smarōdē | *smarōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *smarōdēdū | *smarōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *smarōdēdudiz | *smarōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *smarōdēdum | *smarōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *smarōdēdud | *smarōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *smarōdēdun | *smarōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *smarōndz | *smarōdaz | |||
Derived terms
- *bismarōną/*bismerōną
Descendants
Note: Many of the descendants merged this word with similar-sounding words derived from *smirwijaną.
- Old English: smerian; bismerian; bismer, bismor; smercian, smearcian
- Middle English: bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare; smirken
- Scots: bismere, bysmer; smirk, smirkle, smerkle
- English: bismer; smirk; (besmear)
- Middle English: bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare; smirken
- Old Frisian: (smere)
- (Saterland Frisian: besmeere (possibly a borrowing from Middle Low German))
- West Frisian: (smoar; besmjirkje, besmoarkje)
- Old Saxon: *bismerōn; bismer
- Middle Low German: besmēren
- German Low German: besmeren
- Middle Low German: besmēren
- Old Dutch: bismeron; bismer
- Middle Dutch: (besmeren, besmaren)
- Dutch: (besmeren, besmeuren)
- Middle Dutch: (besmeren, besmaren)
- Old High German: bismarōn; bismerōn; bismar, bismer; (bismirwen)
- Middle High German: smieren; (besmirwen, besmiren)
- German: schmieren; (beschmieren)
- Middle High German: smieren; (besmirwen, besmiren)