Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smalaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal-, *(s)mel-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *malъ (“small; little”) and possibly Latin malus (“bad”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsmɑ.lɑz/

Adjective

*smalaz

small

Inflection

Declension of *smalaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*smalaz	*smalai	*smalō	*smalôz	*smalą, -atō	*smalō
Accusative	*smalanǭ	*smalanz	*smalǭ	*smalōz	*smalą, -atō	*smalō
Genitive	*smalas, -is	*smalaizǫ̂	*smalaizōz	*smalaizǫ̂	*smalas, -is	*smalaizǫ̂
Dative	*smalammai	*smalaimaz	*smalaizōi	*smalaimaz	*smalammai	*smalaimaz
Instrumental	*smalanō	*smalaimiz	*smalaizō	*smalaimiz	*smalanō	*smalaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*smalô	*smalaniz	*smalǭ	*smalōniz	*smalô	*smalōnō
Accusative	*smalanų	*smalanunz	*smalōnų	*smalōnunz	*smalô	*smalōnō
Genitive	*smaliniz	*smalanǫ̂	*smalōniz	*smalōnǫ̂	*smaliniz	*smalanǫ̂
Dative	*smalini	*smalammaz	*smalōni	*smalōmaz	*smalini	*smalammaz
Instrumental	*smalinē	*smalammiz	*smalōnē	*smalōmiz	*smalinē	*smalammiz

Descendants

Old English: smæl
- Middle English: smal
  - Scots: smal, smaw
  - English: small
Old Frisian: smel
- North Frisian: smaal, smääl, smeel
- Saterland Frisian: smäl
- West Frisian: smel
Old Saxon: smal
- Middle Low German: smal
  - Low German: small
Old Dutch: smal
- Middle Dutch: smal
  - Dutch: smal
Old High German: smal
- Middle High German: smal
  - German: schmal
  - Vilamovian: śmoł
  - Yiddish: שמאָל‎ (shmol)
Old Norse: smalr (late Old Norse; possibly borrowed from Low German)
- Icelandic: smalur
- Faroese: smalur
- Norwegian: smal
- Swedish: smal
- Danish: smal
Gothic: 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃 (smals)