< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sleutaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *slūtaną
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)klewd- (“to lock”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“nail, hook, pin, key”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to crook, bend”). Cognate with Latin clāvis (“key, bar, bolt”), Latin claudō (“close”), Lithuanian kliudyti (“to hamper, obstruct”), Old Irish cló (“nail”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*sleutaną[1][2]
- to bolt, lock
- to shut, close
Inflection
Conjugation of *sleutaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sleutō | *sleutaų | — | *sleutai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *sliutizi | *sleutaiz | *sleut | *sleutazai | *sleutaizau |
| 3rd singular | *sliutidi | *sleutai | *sleutadau | *sleutadai | *sleutaidau |
| 1st dual | *sleutōz | *sleutaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sleutadiz | *sleutaidiz | *sleutadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sleutamaz | *sleutaim | — | *sleutandai | *sleutaindau |
| 2nd plural | *sliutid | *sleutaid | *sliutid | *sleutandai | *sleutaindau |
| 3rd plural | *sleutandi | *sleutain | *sleutandau | *sleutandai | *sleutaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *slaut | *slutį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *slaust | *slutīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *slaut | *slutī | |||
| 1st dual | *slutū | *slutīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *slutudiz | *slutīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *slutum | *slutīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *slutud | *slutīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *slutun | *slutīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sleutandz | *slutanaz | |||
Related terms
- *slutą
- *slutilaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sleutan
- Old Frisian: slūta
- Saterland Frisian: sluute
- West Frisian: slute
- Old Saxon: slūtan (in combination)
- Middle Low German: slûten
- German Low German: sluten
- → Danish: slutte
- → Swedish: sluta
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: slutta
- → Norwegian: slutte
- → Westrobothnian: slut, sliut
- Middle Low German: slûten
- Old Dutch: *slūtan
- Middle Dutch: sluten
- Dutch: sluiten
- Limburgish: sloete
- Middle Dutch: sluten
- Old High German: sliozan
- Middle High German: sliezen
- German: schließen
- Luxembourgish: schléissen
- Yiddish: שליסן (shlisn)
- Middle High German: sliezen
- Old Frisian: slūta
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sleutan- ~ *slūtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 454
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*sleutanan ~ *slūtanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 350