< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skīnaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine, shimmer”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*skīnaną[1][2]
- to shine
- to appear
Inflection
Conjugation of *skīnaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *skīnō | *skīnaų | — | *skīnai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *skīnizi | *skīnaiz | *skīn | *skīnazai | *skīnaizau |
| 3rd singular | *skīnidi | *skīnai | *skīnadau | *skīnadai | *skīnaidau |
| 1st dual | *skīnōz | *skīnaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *skīnadiz | *skīnaidiz | *skīnadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *skīnamaz | *skīnaim | — | *skīnandai | *skīnaindau |
| 2nd plural | *skīnid | *skīnaid | *skīnid | *skīnandai | *skīnaindau |
| 3rd plural | *skīnandi | *skīnain | *skīnandau | *skīnandai | *skīnaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *skain | *skinį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *skaint | *skinīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *skain | *skinī | |||
| 1st dual | *skinū | *skinīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *skinudiz | *skinīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *skinum | *skinīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *skinud | *skinīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *skinun | *skinīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *skīnandz | *skinanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *biskīnaną
- *skainijaną
- *skīmô
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *skīnan
- Old English: sċīnan
- Middle English: shinen, schinen
- English: shine
- Middle English: shinen, schinen
- Old Frisian: skīna
- Saterland Frisian: skiene
- West Frisian: skine, skyne
- Old Saxon: skīnan
- Low German: schienen
- Old Dutch: skīnan
- Middle Dutch: schinen
- Dutch: schijnen
- Limburgish: sjiene
- Middle Dutch: schinen
- Old High German: skīnan
- Middle High German: schīnen
- German: scheinen
- → Esperanto: ŝajni
- Hunsrik: scheine
- Luxembourgish: schéngen
- Yiddish: שײַנען (shaynen)
- German: scheinen
- Middle High German: schīnen
- Old English: sċīnan
- Old Norse: skína
- Icelandic: skína
- Faroese: skína
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: skinne
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skina, skine
- Westrobothnian: skiin
- Old Swedish: skīna
- Swedish: skina
- Danish: skinne
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (skeinan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*skīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 445-446
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*skīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 341