< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuppōną
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskup.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From Pre-Germanic *skubʰnéh₂-, an iterative formation to *skeubaną *skūbaną (“to shove”). Related to Lithuanian skubinti (“to rush, hurry”).
Verb
*skuppōną
- to shove, push, swing
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *skupp- against non-singular *skub-.
Conjugation of *skuppōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *skuppō | *skuppǭ | — | *skuppōi | ? |
2nd singular | *skuppōsi | *skuppōs | *skuppō | *skuppōsai | *skuppōsau |
3rd singular | *skuppōþi | *skuppō | *skuppōþau | *skuppōþai | *skuppōþau |
1st dual | *skuppōs | *skuppōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *skuppōþiz | *skuppōþiz | *skuppōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *skuppōmaz | *skuppōm | — | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau |
2nd plural | *skuppōþ | *skuppōþ | *skuppōþ | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau |
3rd plural | *skuppōnþi | *skuppōn | *skuppōnþau | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *skuppōdǭ | *skuppōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *skuppōdēz | *skuppōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *skuppōdē | *skuppōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *skuppōdēdū | *skuppōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *skuppōdēdudiz | *skuppōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *skuppōdēdum | *skuppōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *skuppōdēdud | *skuppōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *skuppōdēdun | *skuppōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *skuppōndz | *skuppōdaz |
Descendants
- Middle Low German: schuppen
- Middle Dutch: scuppen, *scoppen
- Dutch: schoppen
- Middle High German: schopfen, schupfen, schüpfen; (northern) schoppen, schuppen
- (German: schubsen); schuppen (regional)
- Old Norse: *skopa
- Icelandic: skopa
- Faroese: skopa
- Norwegian: skubba, skuppa, skopa
Etymology 2
Considered by Kroonen to be a secondary zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *skep-. Probably related to Ancient Greek σκώπτω (skṓptō, “to mock”).
Verb
*skuppōną
- to mock, scoff
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *skupp- against non-singular *skub-.
Conjugation of *skuppōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *skuppō | *skuppǭ | — | *skuppōi | ? |
2nd singular | *skuppōsi | *skuppōs | *skuppō | *skuppōsai | *skuppōsau |
3rd singular | *skuppōþi | *skuppō | *skuppōþau | *skuppōþai | *skuppōþau |
1st dual | *skuppōs | *skuppōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *skuppōþiz | *skuppōþiz | *skuppōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *skuppōmaz | *skuppōm | — | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau |
2nd plural | *skuppōþ | *skuppōþ | *skuppōþ | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau |
3rd plural | *skuppōnþi | *skuppōn | *skuppōnþau | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *skuppōdǭ | *skuppōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *skuppōdēz | *skuppōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *skuppōdē | *skuppōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *skuppōdēdū | *skuppōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *skuppōdēdudiz | *skuppōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *skuppōdēdum | *skuppōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *skuppōdēdud | *skuppōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *skuppōdēdun | *skuppōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *skuppōndz | *skuppōdaz |
Related terms
- *skaupą
- *skupą/*skufą
- *skupaz/*skuppaz
Descendants
- Middle Low German: schoven
- Dutch: schobben, schoppen (early modern)
- Middle High German: schopfen
- Old Norse: skopa
- Icelandic: skopa
- Old Swedish: skopa
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN