< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skrīaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskriːɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*skrīaną
- to caw, screech
- to shout, scream, cry out
Inflection
Conjugation of *skrīaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *skrīō | *skrīaų | — | *skrīai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *skrīizi | *skrīaiz | *skrī | *skrīazai | *skrīaizau |
| 3rd singular | *skrīidi | *skrīai | *skrīadau | *skrīadai | *skrīaidau |
| 1st dual | *skrīōz | *skrīaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *skrīadiz | *skrīaidiz | *skrīadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *skrīamaz | *skrīaim | — | *skrīandai | *skrīaindau |
| 2nd plural | *skrīid | *skrīaid | *skrīid | *skrīandai | *skrīaindau |
| 3rd plural | *skrīandi | *skrīain | *skrīandau | *skrīandai | *skrīaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *skrai | *skriį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *skrait | *skriīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *skrai | *skriī | |||
| 1st dual | *skriū | *skriīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *skriudiz | *skriīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *skrium | *skriīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *skriud | *skriīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *skriun | *skriīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *skrīandz | *skrianaz | |||
Descendants
- West Germanic: *skrīan
- Old English: sċrēon
- Old Frisian: skrīa
- Old Saxon: *skrīan
- Old Dutch: *scrīan
- Middle Dutch: schriën
- Dutch: schriën, schrieën (dialectal)
- Middle Dutch: schriën
- Old High German: scrīan
- Middle High German: schrīen
- Alemannic German: schriie
- German: schreien
- Hunsrik: schreue
- Yiddish: שרײַען (shrayen)
- Middle High German: schrīen
- → Old French: escrier, acrier, escrïer
- Middle French: escrier, écrier
- French: écrier
- → Middle English: ascrien, ascryen
- Middle French: escrier, écrier
- Old Norse: *skría
- Norwegian: skrike
- Old Swedish: skrīa
- Swedish: skria
- Westrobothnian: skri