Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skipārijaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skipą +‎ *-ārijaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈski.pɑː.ri.jɑz/

Noun

*skipārijaz m

one who travels by ship; sailor
Synonym: *nōwandz

Inflection

masculine ja-stemDeclension of *skipārijaz (masculine ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skipārijaz	skipārijōz, skipārijōs
vocative	*skipārī	skipārijōz, skipārijōs
accusative	*skipāriją	*skipārijanz
genitive	skipārijas, skipārīs	*skipārijǫ̂
dative	*skipārijai	*skipārijamaz
instrumental	*skipārijō	*skipārijamiz

Descendants

In most descendants the vowel was preserved as short by analogy with the noun for “ship”, hence the forms with -pp-.

Proto-West Germanic: *skipārī
- Old English: sċipere
- Old Frisian: *skipere
  - Saterland Frisian: Skipper
  - West Frisian: skipper
- Old Saxon: *skipāri
  - Middle Low German: schippære, schippere, schēpere
    - German Low German: Schipper
      - → German: Schipper
- Old Dutch: *skipāri
  - Middle Dutch: schipper
    - Dutch: schipper
    - → Middle English: skippere
      - English: skipper
        → German: Skipper
- Old High German: *skiffāri
  - Middle High German: schiffære, schiffere
    - German: Schiffer
- → Vulgar Latin: *schipārī (or from Old Norse skipari)
  - Old French: eschipre, eskipre
    - Middle French: eschipre, esquipe, scippre
Old Norse: skipari
- Icelandic: skipari
- Faroese: skipari
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skipar
- Swedish: skeppare
- Danish: skipper
  - Norwegian Bokmål: skipper
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: skipper
- → Vulgar Latin: *schipari (or from Frankish *skipārī)
  - Old French: eschipre, eskipre
    - Middle French: eschipre, esquipe, scippre