< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skarpaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerb-, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɑr.pɑz/
Adjective
*skarpaz
- sharp
- pointed
Inflection
Declension of *skarpaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *skarpaz | *skarpai | *skarpō | *skarpôz | *skarpą, -atō | *skarpō |
| Accusative | *skarpanǭ | *skarpanz | *skarpǭ | *skarpōz | *skarpą, -atō | *skarpō |
| Genitive | *skarpas, -is | *skarpaizǫ̂ | *skarpaizōz | *skarpaizǫ̂ | *skarpas, -is | *skarpaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *skarpammai | *skarpaimaz | *skarpaizōi | *skarpaimaz | *skarpammai | *skarpaimaz |
| Instrumental | *skarpanō | *skarpaimiz | *skarpaizō | *skarpaimiz | *skarpanō | *skarpaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *skarpô | *skarpaniz | *skarpǭ | *skarpōniz | *skarpô | *skarpōnō |
| Accusative | *skarpanų | *skarpanunz | *skarpōnų | *skarpōnunz | *skarpô | *skarpōnō |
| Genitive | *skarpiniz | *skarpanǫ̂ | *skarpōniz | *skarpōnǫ̂ | *skarpiniz | *skarpanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *skarpini | *skarpammaz | *skarpōni | *skarpōmaz | *skarpini | *skarpammaz |
| Instrumental | *skarpinē | *skarpammiz | *skarpōnē | *skarpōmiz | *skarpinē | *skarpammiz |
Related terms
- *skeraną
- *skurtaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *skarp
- Old English: sċarp, sċearp
- Middle English: scharp
- Scots: scharp
- English: sharp
- Middle English: scharp
- Old Frisian: skerp, skarp
- Saterland Frisian: skärp, skäärp, schäärp
- West Frisian: skerp
- Old Saxon: skarp
- Middle Low German: scharp
- Low German: scharp
- Middle Low German: scharp
- Old Dutch: scarp
- Middle Dutch: scharp
- Dutch: scherp
- Limburgish: sjèrp
- Middle Dutch: scharp
- Old High German: scarf, scarph
- Middle High German: scharpf
- Alemannic German: scharpf
- Bavarian: scharf
- Central Franconian: schärp, scharp; scharf
- German: scharf
- Hunsrik: schaaref
- Luxembourgish: schaarf
- Yiddish: שאַרף (sharf)
- Middle High German: scharpf
- → Old Catalan: escarp
- Catalan: esquerp
- Old English: sċarp, sċearp
- Old Norse: skarpr
- Icelandic: skarpur
- Faroese: skarpur
- Norwegian Bokmål: skarp
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skarp
- Old Swedish: skarper
- Swedish: skarp
- Danish: skarp
- Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐍃 (*skarps)
- ⇒ Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*skarpa)
- →? Italian: scarpa (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*skarpa)