< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skallijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Causative of *skellaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to sound, resound”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout, scream, make a sound”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɑl.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*skallijaną
- to make a sound; cause (one) to sound; ring
Inflection
Conjugation of *skallijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *skallijō | *skallijaų | — | *skallijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *skallīsi | *skallijais | *skallī | *skallijasai | *skallijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *skallīþi | *skallijai | *skallijaþau | *skallijaþai | *skallijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *skallijōs | *skallijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *skallijaþiz | *skallijaiþiz | *skallijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *skallijamaz | *skallijaim | — | *skallijanþai | *skallijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *skallīþ | *skallijaiþ | *skallīþ | *skallijanþai | *skallijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *skallijanþi | *skallijain | *skallijanþau | *skallijanþai | *skallijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *skallidǭ | *skallidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *skallidēz | *skallidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *skallidē | *skallidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *skallidēdū | *skallidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *skallidēdudiz | *skallidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *skallidēdum | *skallidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *skallidēdud | *skallidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *skallidēdun | *skallidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *skallijandz | *skallidaz | |||
Related terms
- *skellaną
Descendants
- Old English: sċiellan, sċillan
- Middle English: schillen
- Scots: schil, shill
- English: shill
- Middle English: schillen
- Old Dutch: (*skallen merged with byform skellan)
- Middle Dutch: (schallen, scellen)
- Dutch: (schellen)
- Middle Dutch: (schallen, scellen)
- Old High German: scellen, skellen
- Middle High German: schellen
- German: schellen
- Luxembourgish: schellen
- Middle High German: schellen
- Old Norse: skella
- Icelandic: skella
- Old Swedish: skælla
- Swedish: skälla
- Scots: (skelloch)
- English: (skell (dialectal))