< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skakaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to shake, stir”), with unexpected -k- instead of -h-, either through contamination or back-formation from the iterative *skakkōną (“to shake”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*skakaną
- to swing
- to shake
- to escape
Inflection
Conjugation of *skakaną (strong class 6)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *skakō | *skakaų | — | *skakai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *skakizi | *skakaiz | *skak | *skakazai | *skakaizau |
| 3rd singular | *skakidi | *skakai | *skakadau | *skakadai | *skakaidau |
| 1st dual | *skakōz | *skakaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *skakadiz | *skakaidiz | *skakadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *skakamaz | *skakaim | — | *skakandai | *skakaindau |
| 2nd plural | *skakid | *skakaid | *skakid | *skakandai | *skakaindau |
| 3rd plural | *skakandi | *skakain | *skakandau | *skakandai | *skakaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *skōk | *skōkį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *skōht | *skōkīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *skōk | *skōkī | |||
| 1st dual | *skōkū | *skōkīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *skōkudiz | *skōkīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *skōkum | *skōkīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *skōkud | *skōkīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *skōkun | *skōkīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *skakandz | *skakanaz | |||
Related terms
- *skehaną
- *skukkōną
- *skakulaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *skakan
- Old English: sċacan, sċeacan
- Middle English: schaken
- Scots: schake, schaik, schack
- English: shake
- Middle English: schaken
- Old Frisian: skeka
- Saterland Frisian: skädje ?
- West Frisian: schaekjen, schaakje, schaekje (obsolete)
- Old Saxon: skakan
- Middle Low German: *schaken
- Low German: schaken
- Middle Low German: *schaken
- Old Dutch: *skakan
- Middle Dutch: schāken
- Dutch: schaken
- Middle Dutch: schāken
- Old English: sċacan, sċeacan
- Old Norse: skaka (skakra)
- Icelandic: skaka
- Faroese: skaka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skaka; (dialectal) skåkå, skøkø, skæka, skjeka
- Norwegian Bokmål: skake
- Westrobothnian: skeka, skäka, skjeka, skaka, skåka (skakär, skakkär)
- Old Swedish: skaka
- Swedish: skaka
- Danish: skage
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN