< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seuþaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sewt- (“to move about, roil, seethe”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈseu̯.θɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*seuþaną[1][2]
- to seethe; boil
Inflection
Conjugation of *seuþaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *seuþō | *seuþaų | — | *seuþai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *siuþizi | *seuþaiz | *seuþ | *seuþazai | *seuþaizau |
| 3rd singular | *siuþidi | *seuþai | *seuþadau | *seuþadai | *seuþaidau |
| 1st dual | *seuþōz | *seuþaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *seuþadiz | *seuþaidiz | *seuþadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *seuþamaz | *seuþaim | — | *seuþandai | *seuþaindau |
| 2nd plural | *siuþid | *seuþaid | *siuþid | *seuþandai | *seuþaindau |
| 3rd plural | *seuþandi | *seuþain | *seuþandau | *seuþandai | *seuþaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *sauþ | *sudį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *saust | *sudīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *sauþ | *sudī | |||
| 1st dual | *sudū | *sudīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *sududiz | *sudīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *sudum | *sudīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *sudud | *sudīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *sudun | *sudīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *seuþandz | *sudanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *sudiz
Related terms
- *sauþiz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *seuþan
- Old English: sēoþan
- Middle English: sethen
- Scots: seth, seith
- English: seethe
- Middle English: sethen
- Old Frisian: siāþa, siātha
- Saterland Frisian: sjoode
- West Frisian: sjiedden, siede
- Old Saxon: *siothan
- Middle Low German: sêden
- Low German: seden
- Middle Low German: sêden
- Old Dutch: *siethan
- Middle Dutch: sieden
- Dutch: zieden
- Middle Dutch: sieden
- Old High German: siodan
- Middle High German: sieden
- German: sieden
- Bavarian: siadn
- Luxembourgish: sueden
- Middle High German: sieden
- Old English: sēoþan
- Old Norse: sjóða
- Icelandic: sjóða
- Norwegian: syde
- Westrobothnian: sju, sjiiod
- Old Swedish: siūþa
- Swedish: sjuda
- Old Danish: siuthæ, sythæ
- Danish: syde
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*seuþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*seuþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 326