< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seukaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain. Assuming that Proto-Germanic *seuk- is back-formed from the zero-grade in *sukkōną, Kroonen reconstructs a pre-Germanic *sk-néh₂- and compares Latin sēgnis (“lazy, slow”), Ancient Greek ἦκα (êka, “quietly, slowly”), and Old Irish socht (“silence”),[1] but a precise Proto-Indo-European root for these words is lacking.
Pokorny suggests Proto-Indo-European *sewg-, *sēwg- (“ill, grievous, sad”),[2] also adding Old Armenian հիւծանիմ (hiwcanim, “to waste away, wither”), but Kroonen rejects comparisons with the Armenian word.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈseu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*seukaną[3]
- (East Germanic) to be sick
Inflection
Conjugation of *seukaną (strong class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *seukō | *seukaų | — | *seukai | ? |
2nd singular | *siukizi | *seukaiz | *seuk | *seukazai | *seukaizau |
3rd singular | *siukidi | *seukai | *seukadau | *seukadai | *seukaidau |
1st dual | *seukōz | *seukaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *seukadiz | *seukaidiz | *seukadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *seukamaz | *seukaim | — | *seukandai | *seukaindau |
2nd plural | *siukid | *seukaid | *siukid | *seukandai | *seukaindau |
3rd plural | *seukandi | *seukain | *seukandau | *seukandai | *seukaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *sauk | *sukį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *sauht | *sukīz | |||
3rd singular | *sauk | *sukī | |||
1st dual | *sukū | *sukīw | |||
2nd dual | *sukudiz | *sukīdiz | |||
1st plural | *sukum | *sukīm | |||
2nd plural | *sukud | *sukīd | |||
3rd plural | *sukun | *sukīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *seukandz | *sukanaz |
Related terms
- *suk(k)ōną
Derived terms
- *seukaz
- *suhtiz
Descendants
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (siukan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*suk(k)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 915
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*seukan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 434