Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rōþrą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rōaną (“to row”) +‎ *-þrą (“tool, instrument”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrɔːθ.rɑ̃/

Noun

*rōþrą n

oar
rudder

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *rōþrą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*rōþrą	*rōþrō
vocative	*rōþrą	*rōþrō
accusative	*rōþrą	*rōþrō
genitive	rōþras, rōþris	*rōþrǫ̂
dative	*rōþrai	*rōþramaz
instrumental	*rōþrō	*rōþramiz

Descendants

Old English: rōþor
- Middle English: rother, rodder, rothre, ruder, rothyr, rothir, rothar, roþer
  - English: rudder
  - Scots: rudder, ruther, ruder
Old Frisian: rōther, rōder
- Saterland Frisian: Ruur
- West Frisian: roer
Old Saxon: *rōthar
- Middle Low German: rôder
  - German Low German: Roor
  - Danish: ror
  - Norwegian: ror
  - Old Swedish: rodher
    - Swedish: roder
Old Dutch: *ruother
- Middle Dutch: roder, roeder
  - Dutch: roer
    - Afrikaans: roer
    - → Russian: руль (rulʹ)
Old High German: ruodar, ruoder
- Middle High German: ruoder
  - German: Ruder
  - Luxembourgish: Rudder
  - Yiddish: רודער‎ (ruder)
Old Norse: róðr
- Icelandic: róður
- Faroese: róður