< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/reufaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *Hréwpt, from *Hrewp- (“to break”). Cognate with Latin rumpō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈreu̯.ɸɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*reufaną[1][2]
- to tear
Inflection
Conjugation of *reufaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *reufō | *reufaų | — | *reufai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *riufizi | *reufaiz | *reuf | *reufazai | *reufaizau |
| 3rd singular | *riufidi | *reufai | *reufadau | *reufadai | *reufaidau |
| 1st dual | *reufōz | *reufaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *reufadiz | *reufaidiz | *reufadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *reufamaz | *reufaim | — | *reufandai | *reufaindau |
| 2nd plural | *riufid | *reufaid | *riufid | *reufandai | *reufaindau |
| 3rd plural | *reufandi | *reufain | *reufandau | *reufandai | *reufaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *rauf | *rubį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *rauft | *rubīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *rauf | *rubī | |||
| 1st dual | *rubū | *rubīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *rubudiz | *rubīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *rubum | *rubīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *rubud | *rubīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *rubun | *rubīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *reufandz | *rubanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *raubaz
- *raubō
Related terms
- *raubijaną
- *raubōną
- *ruppōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *reufan
- Old English: rēofan
- Middle English: reven (merged with descendants of *raubōną)
- Scots: refe, reiff, reve
- English: reave, reeve, reve
- Middle English: reven (merged with descendants of *raubōną)
- Old English: rēofan
- Old Norse: rjúfa
- Icelandic: rjúfa
- Faroese: rjúva
- Norwegian Nynorsk: rjuva
- Old Swedish: rȳva, riuva, riūva
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*reufan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 410
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*reufanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 303