< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rafsijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rep- (“to rip, snatch, tear, pinch”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrɑ.ɸis.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*rafsijaną
- to snatch
- to punish; flog; chastise; reprove
- to blame
Inflection
Conjugation of *rafisjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *rafisjō | *rafisjaų | — | *rafisjai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *rafisisi | *rafisjais | *rafisi | *rafisjasai | *rafisjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *rafisiþi | *rafisjai | *rafisjaþau | *rafisjaþai | *rafisjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *rafisjōs | *rafisjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *rafisjaþiz | *rafisjaiþiz | *rafisjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *rafisjamaz | *rafisjaim | — | *rafisjanþai | *rafisjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *rafisiþ | *rafisjaiþ | *rafisiþ | *rafisjanþai | *rafisjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *rafisjanþi | *rafisjain | *rafisjanþau | *rafisjanþai | *rafisjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *rafisidǭ | *rafisidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *rafisidēz | *rafisidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *rafisidē | *rafisidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *rafisidēdū | *rafisidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *rafisidēdudiz | *rafisidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *rafisidēdum | *rafisidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *rafisidēdud | *rafisidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *rafisidēdun | *rafisidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *rafisjandz | *rafisidaz | |||
Related terms
- *rafjaną
Descendants
- West Germanic: *rafsijan, *rafisijan, *rafisōn
- Old English: refsan, ræpsan, ræfsan, repsan
- Old Frisian: *repsa, respa, *respja
- West Frisian: rispje
- Old Saxon: repsian, ripsōn
- Middle Low German: *rispen
- Low German: rispen
- Middle Low German: *rispen
- Old Dutch: respen, *repsen
- Middle Dutch: *respen
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: berepsen, berespen, berispen
- Dutch: berispen
- → English: berisp
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: berepsen, berespen, berispen
- Middle Dutch: *respen
- Old High German: rafsjan, refsen, repsen, respen
- Middle High German: refsen, respen
- ⇒ German: Rispe
- Middle High German: refsen, respen
- Old Norse: refsa, repsa
- Icelandic: refsa
- Faroese: revsa
- Norwegian: refse
- Old Swedish: ræfsa, ræpsa
- Swedish: räfsa
- Danish: revse