< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pranganą
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Unknown. Further etymological connections are unclear. Pokorny and Kroonen suggest a connection with Lithuanian branktas (“swingletree”) and Latvian brankti (“adjacent”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈprɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*pranganą[1][2]
- to press
Inflection
Conjugation of *pranganą (strong class 7c)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *prangō | *prangaų | — | *prangai | ? |
2nd singular | *prangizi | *prangaiz | *prang | *prangazai | *prangaizau |
3rd singular | *prangidi | *prangai | *prangadau | *prangadai | *prangaidau |
1st dual | *prangōz | *prangaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *prangadiz | *prangaidiz | *prangadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *prangamaz | *prangaim | — | *prangandai | *prangaindau |
2nd plural | *prangid | *prangaid | *prangid | *prangandai | *prangaindau |
3rd plural | *prangandi | *prangain | *prangandau | *prangandai | *prangaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *preprang | *preprangį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *prepranht | *preprangīz | |||
3rd singular | *preprang | *preprangī | |||
1st dual | *preprangū | *preprangīw | |||
2nd dual | *preprangudiz | *preprangīdiz | |||
1st plural | *preprangum | *preprangīm | |||
2nd plural | *preprangud | *preprangīd | |||
3rd plural | *preprangun | *preprangīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *prangandz | *pranganaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *prangan
- Old Saxon: *prangan
- Middle Low German: prangen
- Old Dutch: *prangan
- Middle Dutch: prangen
- Dutch: prangen
- ⇒ Dutch: prangend
- Dutch: prangen
- Middle Dutch: prangen
- Old High German: *phrangan
- Middle High German: phrengen, phrangen
- German: pfrengen (obsolete)
- ⇒ Middle High German: pranger (with West Central German consonantism)
- German: Pranger
- Middle High German: phrengen, phrangen
- Old Saxon: *prangan
- Gothic: *𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*praggan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (anapraggan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*prangan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*prang(j)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 293