Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/parrukaz

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/parrukaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *parrikaz

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

One postulated theory, according to Watkins, cognate with Vulgar Latin *barra (“barrier”).[1] Or, possibly from Iberian *parra.[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑr.ru.kɑz/

Noun

*parrukaz m

1. fence
2. enclosure

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *parrukaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*parrukaz	*parrukōz, *parrukōs
vocative	*parruk	*parrukōz, *parrukōs
accusative	*parruką	*parrukanz
genitive	*parrukas, *parrukis	*parrukǫ̂
dative	*parrukai	*parrukamaz
instrumental	*parrukō	*parrukamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *parruk, *parrik
  • Old English: pearroc, pearruc
    • Middle English: parrok, parrock
      • Scots: parrock, paddock
      • English: parrock, paddock
  • Old Saxon: *parrik, *perrik
    • Middle Low German: park, perk
      • German Low German: Park
  • Old Dutch: *parrik, parc, (in placenames) park, perk
    • Middle Dutch: parric, perric, paerc, perc, parc (influenced by Old French parc)
      • Dutch: park
        • Afrikaans: park
        • → German: Park (partially)
          • → Lower Sorbian: park
        • → West Frisian: park
      • Dutch: perk
  • Old High German: pfarrih, pferrih
    • Middle High German: pferrich, pherrich
      • Alemannic German: Färrich
      • German: Pferch
  • → Vulgar Latin: parricus, parcus (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: parrak
  • Swedish: park
  • Danish: park (“fishpond”)

References

1. “park”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
2. Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN