< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nēþlō
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *nēaną (“to sew”) + *-þlō (“tool”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnɛːθ.lɔː/
Noun
*nēþlō f[1]
- needle
Inflection
The stem apparently had two Verner alternants, *nēþlō- and *nēdlō-, both still attested in West Germanic.
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *nāþlu
- Old English: nǣdl
- Middle English: nedle
- English: needle
- Scots: nedil, neidil
- Middle English: nedle
- Old Frisian: nēdle, nēlde
- West Frisian: niddel, nuddel, nille, nulle
- Saterland Frisian: Näddele
- Old Saxon: nāthla
- Middle Low German: nalde, natel; nadel (not found in most areas, rare elsewhere)
- Low German: Nodel, Nadel (likely to be loaned from or influenced by German)
- Plautdietsch: Notel
- Middle Low German: nalde, natel; nadel (not found in most areas, rare elsewhere)
- Old Dutch: nālda
- Middle Dutch: naelde
- Dutch: naald
- Afrikaans: naald
- Dutch: naald
- Middle Dutch: naelde
- Old High German: nādala, nālda
- Middle High German: nādele, nālde
- German: Nadel
- Luxembourgish: Nol (< nālde)
- Yiddish: נאָדל (nodl)
- Middle High German: nādele, nālde
- Old English: nǣdl
- Old Norse: nál
- Icelandic: nál
- Faroese: nál
- Norwegian: nål
- Elfdalian: ną̊l
- Old Swedish: nāl
- Swedish: nål
- Old Danish: naal
- Danish: nål
- Samic:
- → Northern Sami: nállu
- → Southern Sami: naaloe
- Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰 (nēþla)
- → Proto-Finnic: *nekla (see there for further descendants)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*nēþlō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388: “f. ʻneedleʼ”